Commercial tourism puts St Martin's Island at risk

Shahidul Islam Chowdhury

The government agencies shut their eyes to unabated construction works on St Martin's Island to prop up the commercial tourism, which experts see as a threat to coral reefs.
   The government seemed to have finished its duty by declaring the country's lone coral island an ecologically critical area back in 1999, with no follow-up actions to preserve its unique biodiversity.
   The island is losing its scenic beauty fast amid invasion of commercial tourism that has led to a proliferation of hotels, resorts and shops, and has been stripping the island of its natural cover to satisfy the increasing human greed.
   The government must stop all unauthorised construction works, unabated extraction of marine resources and pollution of the natural habitat of wildlife on and around the island at the earliest, conservationists suggested.
   'The St Martin's Islands is about to lose its existence although there are laws and rules to protect it from human greed.' professor Ainun Nishat, country representative of the IUCN-The World Conservation Union, told New Age Sunday. 'There are government agencies and laws. But the laws are hardly enforced.'
   Thirty-six privately-owned hotels and resorts have already been built on the small quiet island and four others are under construction, according to sources at the island.
   None of the builders bothered to take environmental clearance from the department concerned.
   'Rich people of Dhaka have bought almost a half of the island. Their men are running the hotels and other businesses here,' said Ziaur Rahman, an islander who owns a tea stall near the makeshift jetty. He described how land price there soared only in few years.
   Another youth developed his career as a local 'tourist guide' as his ancestral land was sold and a resort, Jalpari, was built there. Like him, many people are employed as caretakers of the private resorts built on their land.
   Private companies are also advertising to sell dozens of duplex cottages and resorts on the islands.
   The number of travellers has been on the rise as three spacious private ships, each with the capacity of more than 500 persons, ferry people between the island and Teknaf during peak season, apart from scores of mechanised boats.
   The small town receives on an average 2,500 visitors everyday between November and February.
   Permanent migration of people including Rohingyas from Myanmar has raised the population of the island from about 5,700 in 2001 to nearly 9,000 in 2006.
   'Everything has a capacity to bear certain amount of load, be it physical and ecological,' professor Nishat said. 'A small ecologically vulnerable island like St. Martin's cannot cater for several thousand tourists everyday.'
   He warned the island is likely to become unliveable for human being by next five to seven years for shortage of sweet water.
   'The underground water table is continuously dropping in the island made of just sand and hard rock. The aquifer cannot meet the need of ever increasing tourists and permanent population. Increased salinity would intrude into the soil of the island if over-extraction of sweet water from the deep aquifer is continued,' Nishat said.
   He said the growth of coral has almost stopped as pollution went unabated affecting the reefs in many ways including the dumping of oil spills from several thousands engine boats, and sewage and wastes from houses and tourist resorts.
   Giving an example how biodiversity is under threat, he said, 'We are internationally pledged bound to conserve the sea turtles. But they face disturbance in nesting and laying eggs these days from outdoor lights of the hotels and noise and fire camping by the tourists.'
   Nishat said, 'I'm not against tourism, but I am against commercial tourism. We must go for ecotourism.'
   'We will have nothing to see and sell if the island is ruined,' he warned.
   Syeda Rezwana Hasan, executive director of Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association, called for recovery of land in the island from human interference and its proper maintenance.
   'The construction works must be stopped as fragile eco-system of the island cannot sustain commercial tourism,' she told New Age Sunday.
   Ecotourism can be promoted only keeping the carrying capacity of the island in consideration, she said.
   Considering its rich natural biodiversity, the government in a gazette notification declared the island an ecologically critical area on April 19, 1999.
   When asked if they got clearance to advertise for construction of duplex cottages on the island, Zafar Iqbal Chowdhury, chairman of Pubali Group and managing director of Tokyo Resort City, admitted that they did not seek clearance from the DOE before making the announcement.
   'We will obtain the certificate before staring construction of the project,' he said.
   The DOE recently served a notice to Pubali Group for violation of the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act, 1995.
   According to the act, the court can impose maximum 10 years imprisonment or fine 10 lakh taka or both for non-compliance of a direction issued by the DOE.
   Both IUCN and BELA officials said the Department of Environment (DoE), the local authorities and the tourists are jointly responsible to protect the island.
   Asked whether the DoE had issued 'Environmental Clearance Certificates' for constructions of hotel, resorts and restaurants on the island, M Mahbubur Rahman, project manager of DOE, said they did not give permission for a single construction.
   He said local union council chairman allowed the people to carry construction materials to the island.
   The DoE official claimed that notices were served time and again to stop construction. 'But none complied with them.'
   To a question whether DOE sued anybody for unauthorised construction ignoring the law, he replied in the negative.
   'We are to go step by step,' he said.
   Moulana M Firoz, chairman of local union council, realised that he had committed mistake by giving permission to carry construction materials to the island.
   Zafar Ahmed Khan, who recently joined the DoE as its director general, told New Age that they would file cases, if necessary, to stop damage of the island. 'The issue was discussed at the conference of the deputy commissioners. The DCs will be given certain authorities, including filing of cases on behalf of the DOE, to enforce the law. We will also engage the upazila nirbahi officers too.'
   He stressed that sale of private lands on the St. Martin's Island need to be stopped.
   The dumbbell-shaped island, locally known as Narikel Jinjira, is located on the southern-most tip of Bangladesh, and separated by an 8 kilometre channel of Bay of Bengal from the mainland.
   It has about 153 varieties of fauna, 157 varieties of mangrove, 66 kinds of coral, 187 types of bivalves, 240 types of marine fish and other marine lives.

Source: newagebd